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1. Mr. K: A 64-year-old engineer with a 5-year history of problems and a previous, unsuccessful joint debridement ("cleansing").

2. Prof. K: A 68-year-old professor whose hobby had been mountain climbing with a 10-year history of problems and previous joint debridements ("cleansings") that had sufficed until 2001.

3. Mr. M: A 51-year-old television technician with a history of problems going back multiple decades that had forced him to give up sports completely; previous, unsuccessful arthritis surgery in the early 1990s.

4. Mr. H: A 66-year-old former tennis player with a history of problems dating back more than 10 years as a result of previous removal of the medial meniscus.

5. Mrs. R: A 54-year-old housewife who used to hike but began experiencing problems even during everyday activities.

6. Mr. R: A 56-year-old, self-employed car mechanic who had an untreated knee fracture in his youth, but went on to actively play a number of sports for many years until the problems became acute.

7. Mrs. N: A 71-year-old housewife with a ca. 5-year history of problems, including severe difficulties with everyday activities.

8. Mr. E: A 70-year-old retired patient whose hobby is gardening with a 10-year history of problems.

9. Mr. T: A 62-year-old civil servant who had a medial meniscectomy in the 1960s and subsequently developed severe medial osteoarthritis.

10. Mrs. P.S.: A retired 71-year-old who had suffered from pain in her left knee for over 10 years.

11. Mr. K.-G. S.: A 59-year-old who suffered a number of sports injuries when he was younger and had an unsuccessful axial realignment in 1997.

12. Mrs. A.S.: A previously operated 81-year-old patient from Israel who had severe pain in her inner left knee for over 5 years and was no longer even able to walk.

13. Mr. M.F.: A 39-year-old dentist from Italy who had suffered a tibial fracture in 1982 that caused a bow leg misalignment and subsequently arthritis.

14. Mr. H.-W. S.: A 63-year-old businessman who had to give up playing golf due to chronic arthritis.

15. Mr. J.D.: A previously operated 64-year-old banker from England who had pain in his right knee for years and was no longer able to play any type of sport.

16. Mrs. E.B.: A 57-year-old engineer and the wife of a doctor who had pain in both knee joints for years and was no longer able to play any sports.

17. Mrs. G.B.: A previously operated 57-year-old French patient who had suffered a femoral fracture in 1966 that resulted in a misalignment.

18. Mr. A.W.: A 76-year-old retired lawyer who had severe pain in his left knee and couldn't walk further than 50 metres.

19. Mr. B.B.: A 54-year-old sports teacher who received a ligament replacement in 1975 that didn't last, which resulted in additional sports injuries and ultimately acute arthritis.

20. Mr. M.B.: A former football player who suffered an injury in 1970 that resulted in the complete removal of his medial meniscus, which led to a severe case of arthritis.

21. Mrs. I.M.: A retired 74-year-old who suffered from constant pain in her left knee and could hardly walk anymore.

22. Mr. U.S.: A 50-year-old teacher who had received x-ray treatment in his youth, which negatively impacted on his growth and led to the development of a bow leg misalignment and ultimately arthritis.

23. Mr. H.L.: A 58-year-old patient who had already undergone abrasion surgery on his knee here in 1988, but had declined the recommended axial correction.

24. Mr. R.T.: A 51-year-old sales engineer who had an unsuccessful arthroscopy in 1999 and was supposed to receive a prosthesis, which he felt he was too young for.

25. Mr. R.J.: A 54-year-old painter (handcrafts master) who suffered a football injury 11 years ago that had never healed completely. He was very restricted in the pursuit of his profession.

26. Mrs. W. F.-K.: A 52-year-old patient from Holland who had suffered from pain in her left knee for many years.

27. Mr. E.J.: A 41-year-old computer scientist from Holland who had received a synthetic ligament in the '80s that didn't last and could no longer play sports.

29. Mr. R.H.: A previously operated 61-year-old businessman who had suffered from knee pain for many years and was no longer even able to work in his garden.

30. Mrs. D.S.: A 39-year-old police officer who had suffered from knee pain for almost 20 years and was now only able to do clerical work.

31. Mr. W.W.: A 64-year-old school principle who could no longer put any weight on his left knee. Hyaluron acid injections had helped, but had to be suspended because he reacted allergically.

32. Mr. K.K.: A 60-year-old freelancer who had already undergone 4 unsuccessful knee operations and more recently even cycling caused him discomfort.

33. Mr. W.K.: A 54-year-old plumber from Holland who had surgery on his left knee during the '60s to correct a knock knee that resulted in an over-correction and subsequently arthritis.

34. Mrs. S.S.: A 58-year-old housewife who wasn't really able to put weight on her knee following an untreated skiing injury when she was 24.

35. Mr. B.B.: A retired 70-year-old who developed acute arthritis on the inner side of his knee following medial meniscus surgery in 1970.

Patient Study & Case Histories – Arthritis plus axial misalignment: